IoT Egg Incubator with Automatic Turning and Hatch Alert

Chicken eggs need roughly 21 days near 37.5°C at 55–65% relative humidity with regular turning; most student-built incubators fail when turnings are missed or the temperature swings unnoticed overnight. Commercial digital incubators hide their control logic entirely, so there is nothing to study or document. This project builds a transparent IoT incubator: an insulated chamber, a relay-driven heater, a circulation fan, a DHT22 sensor, a water tray for humidity, and a servo-driven turning tray — all governed by an ESP32 running a local control loop. The firmware turns the eggs on a configurable schedule, parks the tray for the final lockdown days, publishes live temperature, humidity, turning count and the day counter to a phone dashboard, and raises alerts on out-of-range conditions. The student calibrates the sensor against a reference thermometer and documents the procedure — the honest engineering content that carries the viva.

1. Eggs are placed in the turning tray inside the insulated chamber; the heater and circulation fan are positioned for even airflow.
2. On power-up the ESP32 reads temperature and humidity from the DHT22 and starts the control loop at the configured setpoint.
3. When temperature falls below setpoint minus hysteresis, the relay energizes the heater; it cuts off at setpoint, targeting ±0.3°C stability (design target).
4. Every configured interval the servo tilts the tray to turn the eggs; turning stops automatically during the final lockdown days.
5. Readings, turning count and day counter are pushed to the cloud dashboard over Wi-Fi, and out-of-range values raise alerts.
6. On hatch day the dashboard flags completion, and the student records the hatch outcome in the report's results section.

Tech stack:

• ESP32 development board (Wi-Fi)
• DHT22 temperature · humidity sensor
• Relay module + PTC heater / heat lamp
• Servo-driven egg-turning tray
• 12 V circulation fan
• 0.96-inch OLED display
• Blynk / ThingSpeak class dashboard
• Arduino IDE (C/C++ firmware)

• [Automatic egg turning] A servo-driven rocking tray turns the eggs at a configurable interval (typically every 2 hours) and automatically parks flat for the final lockdown days — no manual turning.
• [Closed-loop temperature control] DHT22 feedback drives the heater relay with a configurable setpoint around 37.5°C and hysteresis, targeting stability within ±0.3°C of setpoint (design target).
• [Humidity monitoring with refill alert] DHT22 humidity readout with a configurable low-humidity alarm that reminds the user to refill the evaporation water tray.
• [Mobile dashboard and alerts] Live temperature, humidity, turning count and day counter are published over Wi-Fi; out-of-range conditions raise alerts on the cloud dashboard.
• [Hatch-day countdown] A configurable incubation day counter issues a lockdown reminder and a hatch-day flag on the dashboard.
• [On-device display] An OLED shows current temperature, humidity, turning status and day count at a glance without opening the phone app.
• [Sensor calibration procedure] A step-by-step procedure calibrates the DHT22 against a reference thermometer so the report's numbers are honestly sourced.

• Insulated incubator chamber with heater, fan and servo turning tray
• ESP32 firmware (control loop, turning schedule, dashboard publishing)
• Wiring diagram and step-by-step assembly guide
• Sensor calibration procedure against a reference thermometer
• Project report PDF (background, control logic, calibration, results log)
• PPT presentation and viva Q&A document