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A LITTLE DIRECTION

Project guides.

Practical notes to help you choose, plan and understand your project.

Illustration comparing a linear regulator heating up versus an efficient switching buck converter, with efficiency formulas and heat waves.B.E./B.Tech Electronics and E&TC students designing power supplies for academic and final-year projects

Power Supply Design: Linear vs Switching

7805 running hot? Battery dying too fast? Learn to choose between linear and switching supplies: the efficiency and heat math, LDO dropout, buck converter tradeoffs, the hybrid two-stage architecture, input fusing, and design rules for battery-powered student projects.

Read guide Illustration of a PCB layout showing component placement, ground plane, decoupling capacitors, and trace routing.B.E./B.Tech Electronics and E&TC students designing their first custom PCB for a final-year project

PCB Layout: 10 Rules That Prevent Failures

Your circuit works on breadboard but the PCB fails? These 10 layout rules prevent the most common student PCB failures: component placement, decoupling, crystal layout, trace sizing, ground planes, thermal relief, DRC, and mounting.

Read guide Illustration of web application security showing a shield protecting a web app from common vulnerabilities.B.E./B.Tech Computer Science and IT students building web apps who need to understand the most common security vulnerabilities

OWASP Top 10 for Student Web Apps

The OWASP Top 10 lists the most critical web application security risks. This guide explains each one practically — what it is, why it happens in student projects, and exactly how to prevent it — plus a deployment security checklist.

Read guide Illustration of password hashing: a password entering a slow, salted hashing process and emerging as an unrecognizable hash string stored in a database, with a clock symbol for the work factor.B.E./B.Tech Computer Science, IT and Web Development students implementing login/registration in academic web projects

Password Hashing: bcrypt and Argon2 Explained

Store passwords right: why MD5/SHA-256 are wrong for passwords, how bcrypt and Argon2 provide salting and tunable slowness, minimal library usage with placeholder credentials, server-side hashing rules, rate limiting, and migrating a project off weak hashes.

Read guide Illustration of op-amp low-pass and high-pass filter circuits with frequency response curves showing cutoff and rolloff.B.E./B.Tech Electronics and E&TC students conditioning sensor signals and building analog front-ends for academic and final-year projects

Op-Amp Filters: Low-Pass and High-Pass Explained

Sensor signal buried in noise? Learn op-amp low-pass and high-pass filters: the RC cutoff formula, what the op-amp adds, Sallen-Key second-order design, choosing cutoff and order for your problem, single-supply virtual-ground biasing, and bench verification.

Read guide Illustration of a thermal overload relay with its current setting dial, mounted below a contactor in a motor starter, with trip curve graph.B.E./B.Tech Electrical students wiring motor starters for labs and projects — anyone who has set an overload dial by guessing

Overload Relay Settings: A Practical Guide

That little dial below the contactor is a thermal model of your motor. This guide covers the FLC setting rule, the 0.58× correction for star-delta, CT-operated settings, trip classes matched to starting time, phase-loss sensitivity, and how to tell nuisance trips from real overloads.

Read guide Illustration of ONNX model conversion showing a PyTorch model transforming into a portable ONNX graph file that runs on laptop, phone, and edge devices.B.E./B.Tech Computer Science and AI/ML students who trained a model in PyTorch and need to deploy it somewhere PyTorch doesn't fit — web, mobile, or edge

ONNX: Convert ML Models Between Frameworks

Train in PyTorch, deploy anywhere: ONNX is the open format for portable ML models. This guide covers exporting with dynamic axes and opsets, running models with ONNX Runtime, numerical verification, where conversion breaks, and the path to browser, mobile, and edge deployment.

Read guide Illustration of the OAuth2 authorization code flow showing a user, an app, and a provider exchanging redirects, codes, and tokens.B.E./B.Tech Computer Science and IT students adding social login or third-party API access to web apps who have heard of OAuth2 but not how the flow works

OAuth2 Flow Explained for Students

"Sign in with Google" runs on OAuth2, but the docs read like legal contracts. This guide walks through the authorization code flow step by step — the four roles, the code exchange, PKCE, scopes — and the security mistakes that break student implementations.

Read guide Illustration of the Node-RED flow editor in a browser showing connected nodes for MQTT input, a function, and dashboard gauges and charts.B.E./B.Tech Electronics, E&TC, IoT and Computer Science students who need a working IoT dashboard without building a full web application

Node-RED for IoT Dashboards

Skip building a web app for your IoT dashboard: Node-RED's flow editor takes you from MQTT topic to live gauges and charts in an afternoon. Covers core concepts, essential nodes, dashboard building, healthy patterns, deployment security, and common mistakes.

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